QUESTION: My teeth have been crooked all my life, but I’ve never had the money to fix them. Now I see there’s a company called Smile Direct Club that will send clear plastic teeth-straightening aligners directly to my home and I can skip the costly dental appointments. Is this a safe and effective thing to do?
ANSWER: As you might expect, most dentists and orthodontists—who specialize in this type of dental work—say that face-to-face office visits are essential for properly assessing and treating patients with poorly aligned teeth.
On the other hand, the executives of Smile Direct Club—or SDC for short—insist that certain cases can be done remotely and at a significant cost savings, expanding access to treatment.
The debate between the two sides has erupted into huge legal fights in the United States, where SDC first launched its direct-to-consumer orthodontic devices in 2014.
Now the company is expanding into Canada and dentists here are nervously anticipating the battle ahead.
“Whenever you disrupt an industry, there is going to be inherent friction,” Alex Fenkell, SDC’s co-founder said in a telephone interview from the company’s headquarters in Nashville, Tenn.
The do-it-yourself method seems simple enough. From SDC’s website, customers can order a kit to create an impression of their teeth. SDC also has some retail outlets—called “SmileShops”—where people can get their teeth digitally photographed.
Based on either the impressions or the photos, a licensed dentist or orthodontist will prescribe a series of custom-made aligners that are mailed to the customer’s home. Instructions explain when to switch to new aligners, which are meant to gradually move teeth into the desired position. In order to monitor how the teeth are progressing, customers take oral “selfies,” which are regularly reviewed.
The company itself is merely “providing administrative support” to the dental professionals who make the treatment decisions, says Dr. Jeffrey Sulitzer, SDC’s Chief Clinical Officer.
In the United States, various dental bodies have challenged the legality and safety of this approach. SDC has responded with lawsuits, including some directed at dentists and orthodontists who posted critical videos on YouTube.
Fear of legal retaliation has caused members of the Canadian dental community to be extremely guarded in what they say. But they do insist the procedure needs to be done under the close—and in-person—supervision of a dental professional.
“These orthodontic aligners are not passive appliances,” says Dr. Mitch Taillon, president of the Canadian Dental Association. “They move teeth, they change the bite and they can affect the structure of supporting soft and hard tissues—the gums and the bone.”
As teeth move, the surrounding bone has to be “remodelled,” a process in which existing bone is broken down and new bone created, explains Dr. Susan Sutherland, chief of dentistry at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.
She notes that there is usually a good reason why teeth are crooked. Sometimes, the size of the teeth may simply be too big for the jaw. In such cases, some teeth might have to be extracted to create more room.
If the alignment is not done correctly, it can result in numerous problems, such as improper bite, uneven wear, pain in the jaw joint and tooth loss. What’s more, pre-existing gum disease can reduce the chances of success.
Customers need to know all the pros and cons—plus alternative options such as traditional metal braces—in order to provide “informed consent” before starting treatment, says Dr. Rick Odegaard, the former president of the Canadian Association of Orthodontists.
According to Dr. Odegaard, SDC’s web-based “teledentistry” doesn’t meet professional standards of care for examinations, record-keeping and follow-up treatment. “They have never laid eyes or hands on the patient.”
However, Sulitzer says that SDC-affiliated dentists and orthodontists provide equivalent care to those who treat patients in an office. In some cases, they will arrange for X-rays or request to see a copy of an individual’s dental records. He says consumers can communicate with their dental care provider through email or phone.
There is little risk of harm, says Sulitzer, because the aligners are only doing “minimal” tooth movement.
“It’s really the mild-to-moderate cases we are taking on,” adds SDC co-founder Fenkell. “This is the aesthetic market—with an average treatment of six months.”
The issue of standards will eventually be decided by the provincial and territorial regulatory bodies which look after the public’s interest. For now, the largest dental regulator is keeping an open mind.
“I am not going to presume anything until we’ve had a chance to look at what they are doing,” says Irwin Fefergrad, registrar of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario. “I can’t deal in hypotheticals.”
Meanwhile, SDC is accepting orders from across Canada with the exception of Quebec. (It will take awhile longer for SDC to be doing business in French.) And it’s already opened the first two Canadian “SmileShops”—one in Toronto and one in Vancouver. More outlets are in the works.
Customers are charged a fee of $2,350 (payable in installments) “which is 60 percent less than the price of other teeth-straightening options,” says Fenkell.
He says the company’s goal is to make orthodontics available to those who feel treatment is beyond their financial reach.
“Anyone who is going to get in the way of that, or prevent that, we are going to fight.”
Even so, Canadian dentists urged the public to consider more than just the price of treatment. “There is value in visiting with a dental professional” who can assess oral health, discuss options and achieve the desired results, says Taillon, president of the Canadian Dental Association. “And I don’t think you can get that care remotely.”
Sunnybrook’s Patient Navigation Advisor provides advice and answers questions from patients and their families. This article was originally published on Sunnybrook’s Your Health Matters, and it is reprinted on Healthy Debate with permission. Follow Paul on Twitter @epaultaylor.
If you have a question about your doctor, hospital or how to navigate the health care system, email AskPaul@Sunnybrook.ca
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